Pellagra! Caused by the lack of niacin (Or Vitamin B3) and the lack of protein, especially proteins containing the amino acid tryptophan, which can be converted to niacin in the body. (If you are still wondering about the stick man on the left, please wait a while; there would be further elaboration in a minute. :))

The people living in these places usually have corn as their staple. Untreated corn is a poor source of niacin, hence their increased susceptibility to pellagra.
So, how do we fix the problem? It was common practice in Native American cultures to treat the corn with alkali to correct the niacin deficiency. J Haha! It is definitely not expected of them to pour bottles of sodium hydroxide all over the corns before they are eaten. DUH! Haha! J On the other hand, I guess whole meal bread and cornflakes, rich in niacin, should be given to the jailed inmates and orphans. Especially, when these foods are available for them to consume. More of this should be given instead of merely corn. As for the Africans and Americans in the rural areas, maybe they could be educated in well, using every part of the chicken… Like the chicken livers, fried? Haha! J
We have all learnt a very important lesson today:
We should further appreciate our whole meal bread, and chicken livers, some examples of rich sources of niacin, unless we would not mind pour sodium hydroxide into our corn soup that is… J